Table

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• A standard user-defined table can have up to 1,024 columns. The number of rows in the table is limited only by the storage capacity of the server.
• The data in the table can be compressed either by row or by page. Data compression can allow more rows to be stored on a page.
• Types of Tables: - 
• Partitioned Tables - Partitioning makes large tables or indexes more manageable.  SQL Server 2017 supports up to 15,000 partitions.
• Temporary Tables - Temporary tables are stored in tempdb.
• #Local temporary
• ##Global temporary tables
• System Tables
• Wide Tables - The number of indexes and statistics is also increased to 1,000 and 30,000, respectively. The maximum size of a wide table row is 8,019 bytes.

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Listing all tables : - 

In 2000 >>  Sysobjects 

>= 2005 >> INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES;

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Columns:-
- Sparse column = Sparse columns are ordinary columns that have an optimized storage for null values. Sparse columns reduce the space requirements for null values at the cost of more overhead to retrieve nonnull values. Consider using sparse columns when the space saved is at least 20 percent to 40 percent.